browser

Sun, 01 Nov 2026 22:20:28 +0800

lightpanda-io/browser

Lightpanda Browser

The headless browser built from scratch for AI agents and automation.
Not a Chromium fork. Not a WebKit patch. A new browser, written in Zig.
16x lighter and 9x faster than Chromium.

Benchmarks

Requesting 933 real web pages over the network on a AWS EC2 m5.large instance. See benchmark details.

Metric	Lightpanda	Headless Chrome	Difference
Memory (peak, 100 pages)	123MB	2GB	~16x less
Execution time (100 pages)	5s	46s	~9x faster

Quick start

Install

Package Managers

Latest nightly from Homebrew:

`1`	`brew install lightpanda-io/browser/lightpanda`

Latest nightly from Arch Linux User Repository:

`1`	`yay -S lightpanda-nightly-bin`

Download from the nightly builds

You can download the last binary from the nightly builds for Linux and MacOS for both x86_64 and aarch64.

For Linux

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curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-x86_64-linux && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

Verify the binary before running anything:

`1`	`./lightpanda version`

Linux aarch64 is also available

If you use Nix, you can run Lightpanda directly from the flake without downloading a binary:

`1`	`nix run github:lightpanda-io/browser -- --help`

Or pin it as an input in your own flake:

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{
  inputs.lightpanda.url = "github:lightpanda-io/browser";
}

Note: The Linux release binaries are linked against glibc. On musl-based Linux distributions (Alpine, etc.) the binary fails with cannot execute: required file not found because the glibc dynamic linker is missing. Use a glibc-based base image: the current release binaries need glibc 2.35 (x86_64) or 2.38 (arm64), so debian:bookworm-slim (2.36) is fine on x86_64 but too old for arm64 — use FROM ubuntu:24.04, FROM debian:trixie-slim, or FROM debian:forky-slim there — or build from sources.

Android / Termux: there is no native Android build. The Linux aarch64 binary needs the glibc loader (/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1), which Android’s Bionic libc does not provide, so it fails with the same cannot execute: required file not found error.

For MacOS

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curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-aarch64-macos && \
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

MacOS x86_64 is also available

For Windows + WSL2

Lightpanda has no native Windows binary. Install it inside WSL following the Linux steps above.

WSL not installed? Run wsl --install from an administrator shell, restart, then open wsl. See Microsoft’s WSL install guide for details.

Your automation client (Puppeteer, Playwright, etc.) can run either inside WSL or on the Windows host. WSL forwards localhost:9222 automatically.

Install from Docker

Lightpanda provides official Docker images for both Linux amd64 and arm64 architectures. The following command fetches the Docker image and starts a new container exposing Lightpanda’s CDP server on port 9222.

`1`	`docker run -d --name lightpanda -p 127.0.0.1:9222:9222 lightpanda/browser:latest`

Dump a URL

`1`	`./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump html --log-format pretty --log-level info https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/campfire-commerce/`

You can use --dump markdown to convert directly into markdown, or --dump png > page.png or --dump pdf > page.pdf for a text-only rendering of the page. --dump structured_data prints the page’s JSON-LD, OpenGraph, Twitter card, meta and link tags as JSON, like the MCP structuredData tool. --wait-until, --wait-ms, --wait-selector and --wait-script are available to adjust waiting time before dump.

Start a CDP server

`1`	`./lightpanda serve --obey-robots --log-format pretty --log-level info --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222`

To listen on a Unix-domain socket (owner-only, mode 0600) instead of TCP:

`1`	`./lightpanda serve --unix-socket /run/user/1000/lightpanda.sock`

Once the CDP server started, you can run a Puppeteer script by configuring the browserWSEndpoint.

Example Puppeteer script

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

// use browserWSEndpoint to pass the Lightpanda's CDP server address.
const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
  browserWSEndpoint: "ws://127.0.0.1:9222",
});

// The rest of your script remains the same.
const context = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const frame = await context.newPage();

// Dump all the links from the frame.
await frame.goto('https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/amiibo/', {waitUntil: "networkidle0"});

const links = await frame.evaluate(() => {
  return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a')).map(row => {
    return row.getAttribute('href');
  });
});

console.log(links);

await frame.close();
await context.close();
await browser.disconnect();

Start a webdriver Bidi server

Use --protocol webdriver to enable Bidi support. You can start both, CDP and Bidi, with --protocol webdriver --protocol cdp

`1`	`./lightpanda serve --obey-robots --log-format pretty --log-level info --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222 --protocol webdriver`

Agent mode

lightpanda agent lets you drive the browser with a native agent. Describe what you want in plain English or with slash commands, and it controls the browser: navigating pages, clicking through flows, filling forms, extracting structured data. Think of it as a robot you’re directing to use the web, more than a chatbot you’re having a conversation with.

Because the agent runs inside the same process as the browser, every tool call is a direct operation and you retain Lightpanda’s speed and memory advantage.

The output of an agent session is a PandaScript: vanilla JavaScript with a small set of native browser primitives built directly into Lightpanda. Run /save to export one from your current session, then replay it with lightpanda run <script>.js. Scripts are deterministic and token-free, so you can prototype with the LLM and ship the output to production without a model at runtime.

It supports Anthropic, OpenAI, Gemini, Google Vertex AI, Mistral, Hugging Face, the multi-lab gateways Vercel AI Gateway and OpenRouter (one key for hundreds of models), any OpenAI-compatible endpoint via OPENAI_BASE_URL, and local models via Ollama, llama.cpp or LLMD. You can also run without an LLM using --no-llm, which drops you into the REPL. See the agent documentation for the full reference.

./lightpanda agent                                    # auto-detects API key from env
./lightpanda agent --task "top story on news.ycombinator.com?"
./lightpanda agent --no-llm                           # basic REPL, no LLM
./lightpanda run session.js                           # run a recorded script
cat session.js | ./lightpanda run -                   # ...or pipe one in via stdin
./lightpanda agent --provider gemini --task "..."     # force a specific provider
./lightpanda agent --list-models                      # models available for the detected provider
VERTEX_API_KEY=... ./lightpanda agent --provider vertex             # Vertex AI, express mode
GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=my-proj ./lightpanda agent --provider vertex   # Vertex AI, token via gcloud auth
AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY=... ./lightpanda agent --provider vercel --model moonshotai/kimi-k2   # any model behind Vercel AI Gateway
OPENROUTER_API_KEY=... ./lightpanda agent --provider openrouter --model anthropic/claude-sonnet-5   # any model behind OpenRouter
OPENAI_BASE_URL=https://my-gateway/v1 OPENAI_API_KEY=... ./lightpanda agent            # any OpenAI-compatible server

Native MCP and skill

The MCP server communicates via MCP JSON-RPC 2.0 over stdio.

Add to your MCP configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "lightpanda": {
      "command": "/path/to/lightpanda",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}

HTTP transport and independent sessions

For serving several agents from one process, start the MCP server over HTTP instead of stdio by giving it a port (add --host x.x.x.x to specify the interface to listen on):

`1`	`lightpanda mcp --port 9223`

Clients POST JSON-RPC to http://host:9223/mcp. Each connection is routed to its own browsing session — its own page, cookies and memory — so agents no longer clobber each other’s page:

A client that initializes without an Mcp-Session-Id header is assigned a fresh session; the id comes back in the response’s Mcp-Session-Id header. Send it on subsequent requests to stay on that session (isolation).
Two agents that send the same Mcp-Session-Id share one browsing context (sharing — e.g. a workflow where several agents work the same page).
The session_new, session_list and session_close tools manage sessions explicitly. Sending DELETE /mcp with an Mcp-Session-Id closes that session.

The run tool runs a PandaScript in the caller’s session, as lightpanda run does, and returns its console output and the value it returns. It takes the source as script, or the path of a file that save wrote. Pages the script opens are closed when it ends; cookies and storage stay, so a login carries over to the next run. An optional timeout in milliseconds (default 60000) stops a stuck script. A backend can drive Lightpanda with one POST:

curl -s http://127.0.0.1:9223/mcp -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "tools/call",
  "params": { "name": "run", "arguments": { "script":
    "const page = new Page();\nawait page.goto(\"https://example.com\");\nreturn page.extract({ title: \"title\", links: [\"a\"] });" } }
}'

Read full documentation

A skill is available in lightpanda-io/agent-skill.

Shell completion

lightpanda completion <bash | fish | zsh> prints a completion script for commands, flags and their values:

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lightpanda completion fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/lightpanda.fish
lightpanda completion bash > ~/.local/share/bash-completion/completions/lightpanda
lightpanda completion zsh > ~/.zfunc/_lightpanda  # with fpath=(~/.zfunc $fpath) before compinit

Telemetry

By default, Lightpanda collects and sends usage telemetry. This can be disabled by setting an environment variable LIGHTPANDA_DISABLE_TELEMETRY=true. You can read Lightpanda’s privacy policy at: https://lightpanda.io/privacy-policy.

Core dumps

Set LIGHTPANDA_DISABLE_CORE_DUMP (to any value) to suppress crash core dumps by zeroing the soft RLIMIT_CORE at startup.

Status

Here are the key features we have implemented. For full details, see our Web Platform Tests results.

CORS
HTTP loader (Libcurl)
HTML parser (html5ever)
DOM tree
Javascript support (v8)
DOM APIs
Ajax
- XHR API
- Fetch API
DOM and Markdown dump
CDP/websockets server
Click
Input form
Cookies
Custom HTTP headers
Proxy support
Network interception
Respect robots.txt with option --obey-robots
CDP and Webdriver Bidi
Adblocker

Build from sources

Prerequisites

Lightpanda is written with Zig 0.17.0. You have to install it with the right version in order to build the project.

Lightpanda also depends on v8, Libcurl and html5ever.

To be able to build the v8 engine, you have to install some libs:

For Debian/Ubuntu based Linux:

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sudo apt install xz-utils ca-certificates \
    pkg-config libglib2.0-dev \
    clang make curl git

You also need to install Rust.

For systems with Nix, you can use the devShell.

`1`	`nix develop`

For MacOS, you need cmake and Rust.

`1`	`brew install cmake`

Build and run

You can build the entire browser with make build or make build-dev for debug env.

But you can directly use the zig command: zig build run.

Embed v8 snapshot

Lighpanda uses v8 snapshot. By default, it is created on startup but you can embed it by using the following commands:

Generate the snapshot.

`1`	`zig build snapshot_creator -- src/snapshot.bin`

Build using the snapshot binary.

`1`	`zig build -Dsnapshot_path=../../snapshot.bin`

See #1279 for more details.

Test

Unit Tests

You can test Lightpanda by running make test.

make test                                       # Run all tests
make test F="server"                            # Filter by substring
TEST_FILTER="WebApi: #selector_all" make test   # Filter main + subtest (separator: #)
TEST_VERBOSE=true make test
TEST_FAIL_FIRST=true make test
METRICS=true make test                          # Capture allocation/duration metrics as JSON
TEST_JOBS=1 make test                           # Run in one process (default: up to 4, or 1 when filtered)

End to end tests

To run end to end tests, you need to clone the demo repository into ../demo dir.

You have to install the demo’s node requirements

You also need to install Go > v1.24.

`1`	`make end2end`

Web Platform Tests

Lightpanda is tested against the standardized Web Platform Tests.

We use a fork including a custom testharnessreport.js. Results are published daily.

For reference, you can execute a WPT test case with your browser via wpt.live.

Configure WPT HTTP server

To run the test, you must clone the repository, configure the custom hosts and generate the MANIFEST.json file.

Clone the repository with the fork branch.

`1`	`git clone -b fork --depth=1 git@github.com:lightpanda-io/wpt.git`

Enter into the wpt/ dir.

Install custom domains in your /etc/hosts

`1`	`./wpt make-hosts-file \| sudo tee -a /etc/hosts`

Generate MANIFEST.json

`1`	`./wpt manifest`

Use the WPT’s setup guide for details.

Run WPT test suite

An external Go runner is provided by github.com/lightpanda-io/demo/ repository, located into wptrunner/ dir. You need to clone the project first.

First start the WPT’s HTTP server from your wpt/ clone dir.

`1`	`./wpt serve`

Run a Lightpanda browser

zig build -Dwpt_extensions run -- serve \
    --ws-max-concurrent 64 \
    --insecure-disable-tls-host-verification \
    --load-resources iframe \
    --load-resources image \
    --load-resources worker \
    --load-resources stylesheet

Then you can start the wptrunner from the demo’s clone dir:

`1`	`cd wptrunner && go run .`

Or one specific test:

`1`	`cd wptrunner && go run . Node-childNodes.html`

wptrunner command accepts --summary and --json options modifying output. Also --concurrency define the concurrency limit.

To check a single test case without the runner, fetch --dump wpt prints its results as JSON: the harness status, a pass/fail summary and the cases that did not pass. It relies on the fork’s testharnessreport.js.

zig build -Dwpt_extensions run -- fetch \
    --insecure-disable-tls-host-verification \
    --load-resources worker \
    --load-resources iframe \
    --dump wpt \
    --wait-script "window.report && report.complete" \
    "http://web-platform.test:8000/dom/nodes/Node-childNodes.html"

:warning: Running the whole test suite will take a long time. In this case, it’s useful to build in releaseFast mode to make tests faster.

`1`	`zig build -Dwpt_extensions -Doptimize=fast run -- serve ...`

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines. You must sign our CLA during the pull request process.

Discord

Why Lightpanda?

Javascript execution is mandatory for the modern web

Simple HTTP requests used to be enough for web automation. That’s no longer the case. Javascript now drives most of the web:

Ajax, Single Page Apps, infinite loading, instant search
JS frameworks: React, Vue, Angular, and others

Chrome is not the right tool

Running a full desktop browser on a server works, but it does not scale well. Chrome at hundreds or thousands of instances is expensive:

Heavy on RAM and CPU
Hard to package, deploy, and maintain at scale
Many features are not necessary in headless made

Lightpanda is built for performance

Supporting Javascript with real performance meant building from scratch rather than forking Chromium:

Not based on Chromium, Blink, or WebKit
Written in Zig, a low-level language with explicit memory control
No graphical rendering engine

Zig Programming on Producthunt daily